Page 2 GRAMMAR
| The Origin of North American Indians | |||||||||||||||||||
| Most scientists agree that the ancestors of
today's native American people came to North America from Asia. These first Americans descended, or came, from cave men in Asia and arrived some 13,000-14,000 years ago at the end of the period known as the Pleistocene. They probably came to the New World on foot, walking across a land mass known as Beringia -exposed by lower sea levels where the Bering Strait is today. These were the first people to live in North America. That is why they are called Native Americans. These people have lived in North America for thousands of years, and today there are still about 2 million Native Americans in the United States and 1 million in Canada...
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| Watch the video : Origin of native american indians : | http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/parcs/atlas/beringia/images/movies/lbridge.avi | ||||||||||||||||||
| QUESTIONS: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Find a synonym in the text for North American Indians: | Cliquez ici pour aller à l'exercice | ||||||||||||||||||
| Who were the first people in
North America? Where did the first Native people in North America come from? How did they cross Beringia? When did they arrive in America? How many Native Americans are left in the U.S today? |
Wh-
en anglais correspond aux interrogatifs
'qu-'
en français:
Cliquez ici pour trouver la traduction des interrogatifs: What?
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Indian cultures |
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| Many different Indian groups lived
in North America. Each groups had its own language and
customs. A custom is the special way a group of people does
something. Several groups of Indians often
shared the same CULTURE. A culture is the way of life of a
group of people. The language they speak, the clothes they wear, the
food they eat, and the religion they believe in are all part of a
culture. Indian groups that shared the same culture had the
same way of finding food and
building houses. They depended on the same natural resources
and used
them in the same way. For example, the Plains Indians shared the same
land,
dressed the same way, spoke the
same language, hunted for food, and
practiced religion in the same way. That is why they are considered to
be their own culture group. North American Indians were divided into 5 cultures : the Northwest Culture, the California-Intermountain Culture, the Southwest Culture, the Plains Culture, the Eastern Woodland Culture. |
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| QUESTIONS: | |||||||||||||||||||
| NAME OF TRIBES: Where do these cultures live ? ( Fill in the map with the names of the cultures ) | click here to go to the exercise | ||||||||||||||||||
| The Northwest Culture - The Plains Culture - The California-Intermountain Culture - The Southwest Culture - The Woodlands Culture a) North b) South | |||||||||||||||||||
| Indian homes and shelters : | |||||||||||||||||||
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Find out about the the life of Indian children |
http://www.minnow.net/link8.html | ||||||||||||||||||
| Find out about Indians homes and shelters | http://www.kstrom.net/isk/maps/houses/housingmap.html | ||||||||||||||||||
| Tipis : | http://www.kstrom.net/isk/maps/houses/tipi.html#top | ||||||||||||||||||
| Clothes : |
http://www.native-languages.org/clothing.htm http://www.civilization.ca/aborig/stones/clothing/clmenu.htm |
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| Moccasins : | http://www.nativetech.org/clothing/moccasin/mocmap.html | ||||||||||||||||||
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More details: What are mocassins? What is a totempole and where was it placed? What is a potlatch ceremony? What is a warbonnet? What is a wampum and what is it made of? |
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The' Trail of Tears': (winter 1838) |
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Map of
Trail of Tears :
http://www.rosecity.net/tears/trail/map.html |
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American Indian proverbs and sayings : |
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- Judge not by the eye but from the heart. (CHEYENNE ) - You must speak straight so that your words may
go as sunlight into our hearts. -Thoughts are like arrows: once released , they strike their mark. Guard them well or one day you may be your own victim. (NAVAJO) - It is less a problem to be poor than to be dishonest. ANISHINABE - If the Great Spirit had desired me to be a white man he would have made me so in the first place. It is not necessary for eagles to be crows. (Sitting Bull, Teton Lakota (SIOUX) ) - The ones that matter most are the children. They are the true human beings.- Lakota (SIOUX) - The Great Spirit is not perfect: it has a good side and a bad side. Sometimes the bad side gives us more knowledge than the good side. - Lakota (SIOUX) - A good man does not take what belongs to someone else. PUEBLO - Look at me- I am poor and naked, but I am the chief of the nation. We do not want riches, but we do want to train our children right. Riches would do us no good. We could not take them with us to the other world. We do not want riches. We want peace and love. - Red Cloud, Lakota (SIOUX) - Even in Paradise, living all alone would be Hell. SENECA - It makes no difference as to the name of the God, since love is the real God of all the world. APACHE Indian wisdom : http://www.thewildwest.org/native_american/wisdom/index.html
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| American Indian chiefs and heroes : | Photographs: http://www.axel-jacob.de/chiefs.html http://www.thewildwest.org/native_american/faces/index.html |
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| Famous battles: | Sitting
Bull :
http://collections.ic.gc.ca/beaupre/promme92.htm Litlle Big Horn, June 25th 1876: http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/battle_of_the_little_big_horn.htm |
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Sitting Bull |
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Sitting Bull was one of the most famous
Indian Chiefs of the Plains Culture. He was a Sioux leader in the area that
is now known as South Dakota. He lived from l83l-l890. During this time gold
was discovered on the land
that Sitting Bull's tribe lived on. The government tried
to force the Sioux Indians to move
off their land. Sitting Bull and his tribe would not peacefully
move. In June, l876, a major battle occurred between Sitting Bull and U.S.
soldiers led by George Armstrong Custer.
Custer's groups of soldiers had 260 men. Custer was told to wait for more
soldiers to arrive. Instead of waiting, he decided to go
forward with just the men he had. Sitting Bull's group of warriors numbered between 2,500 -4,000 men. The warriors surrounded Custer's soldiers and attacked. Custer and all of his soldiers were killed. This became known as the Battle of Little Bighorn. After this event, Sitting Bull was punished and forced to live on a reservation. Later in his life he caused more problems for the U.S. government and was finally arrested. While some of his Indian friends were trying to rescue him, Sitting Bull was shot and killed by U.S. soldiers. Who was Sitting Bull? When did he live? Why did the U.S Government want to move the Indians off their land? What was the name of the General Sitting Bull and his warriors fought against? How many Indians fought with Sitting Bull? How many U.S soldiers fought in this battle ? What is the name of the battle? Who won the battle? How did Sitting Bull die? |
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